Sow in well-prepared, permanent positions, thin to a few centimetres apart when seedlings appear and look forward to a fine show between spring-flowering bulbs and the later summer annuals.
Carnations can be increased by layering — a method by which new roots are developed before a cutting is removed from a plant, so the shock of transplanting is reduced.
Ground layering is done by bringing a stem down to soil level and holding it in place with a wire loop or heavy stone.
Before putting the stem in position, make a cut about 1cm-long and a third of the way through the stem.
The soil under and over the cut stem should be rich, with some fine gravel added.
Patience is the secret of success with layering as some plants take a year or more to form good root systems.
Spring bulbs will be appearing in garden centres, so buy early to get the best selection.
Daffodils should be the first to go into the ground.
Any bulbs that have been in the same spot for three or more years may need to be lifted, divided and replanted in replenished soil.
