The Fabelmans was named best movie drama at the star-studded ceremony in Beverly Hills. Banshees of Inisherin, the story of feuding friends on an Irish island, won best movie musical or comedy.
The honours are likely to give both movies a boost on the road to the Academy Awards in March.
Spielberg, who also won best director, based The Fabelmans on his real life as a teenager dealing with his parents' marital struggles and anti-Semitism. He said he had been "hiding this story since I was 17."
"When I turned 74 years old, I decided you better do it now," he said. "I'm really happy I did."
Celebrities and broadcaster NBC had abandoned the 2022 Globes because of ethical wrongdoings at the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA), the group that hands out the awards.
The future of the Globes was thrown into doubt after a 2021 Los Angeles Times investigation revealed the organization had no Black journalists in its ranks. Some members were accused of making sexist and racist remarks and soliciting favors from celebrities and movie studios.
A larger, more diverse membership and other changes by the HFPA persuaded many of the biggest movie and TV stars to support this year's ceremony, which provides publicity for winners and nominees and often boosts their chances at the Oscars.
The show unfolded largely as it had in years past, except for a biting monologue from comedian and host Jerrod Carmichael who opened the show joking, "I'm here because I'm black."
"One day you're making mint tea at home. The next day you're invited to be the Black face of an embattled white organization," he said at the ceremony, which was aired live on Comcast Corp's CMCSA.O NBC network and Peacock streaming service.
The winners list reflected a wide range of diversity.
Abbott Elementary, about teachers at a predominantly Black public school, was named best television comedy and received acting trophies for star and creator Quinta Brunson and supporting actor Tyler James Williams.
Malaysian actress Michelle Yeoh, honoured for her leading role in dimension-hopping action movie Everything Everywhere All at Once, recalled that said she had been called a "minority" and asked if she could speak English early in her career.
Forty years later, "it’s been an amazing journey and incredible fight to be here today, but I think it’s been worth it," she said.
Ryan Murphy, who brought several gay and transgender stories to television, received a lifetime achievement award.
Best actor went to Austin Butler for his leading role in Elvis. The 31-year-old seemed overwhelmed to accept the honour before an audience of top names in show business.
"I'm in this room with all my heroes," Butler said. "I can't believe I'm here.
Colin Farrell won lead actor in a movie musical or comedy for portraying a farmer trying to repair a soured friendship in The Banshees of Inisherin. He thanked fellow cast members including "Jenny the donkey."
The two biggest box office successes of 2022 - Avatar: The Way of Water and Top Gun: Maverick - were shut out.
Roughly 200 journalists and others from the international film industry voted on this year's Globes. Among those voters, nearly 52% are racially and ethnically diverse, including 10% who are Black, according to the HFPA.
Elvis director Baz Luhrmann told Reuters on the event's silver carpet that he felt the HFPA had made significant changes and "really walked the walk."
"And we need them," Luhrmann added, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic shuttered theaters and led to a decline in moviegoing. "Us coming together is sending a signal out that it's OK to come together for movies. That's a good thing."
Other TV winners included House of the Dragon, which earned the best drama prize. The White Lotus won best limited series.
Comedian Eddie Murphy accepted a lifetime achievement honor and shared his blueprint for success.
"Pay your taxes, mind your business and keep Will Smith's wife's name out of your f***ing mouth," Murphy joked, referring to the actor's infamous slap of presenter Chris Rock at last year's Oscars.
THE FULL LIST OF WINNERS
MOVIES
BEST PICTURE-DRAMA
“The Fabelmans”
BEST PICTURE-MUSICAL OR COMEDY
“The Banshees of Inisherin”
BEST ANIMATED FILM
“Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio”
BEST PICTURE (NON-ENGLISH LANGUAGE)
“Argentina, 1985" (Argentina)
BEST ACTRESS, DRAMA
Cate Blanchett, “Tar”
BEST ACTOR, DRAMA
Austin Butler, “Elvis”
BEST ACTRESS, MUSICAL OR COMEDY
Michelle Yeoh, “Everything Everywhere All at Once”
BEST ACTOR, MUSICAL OR COMEDY
Colin Farrell, “The Banshees of Inisherin”
BEST SUPPORTING ACTRESS
Angela Bassett, “Black Panther: Wakanda Forever”
BEST SUPPORTING ACTOR
Ke Huy Quan, “Everything Everywhere All at Once”
BEST DIRECTOR
Steven Spielberg, “The Fabelmans”
BEST SCREENPLAY
“The Banshees of Inisherin,” Martin McDonagh
BEST ORIGINAL SCORE
“Babylon,” Justin Hurwitz
BEST ORIGINAL SONG
“RRR,” “Naatu Naatu” by Kala Bhairava, M.M. Keeravani, Rahul Sipligunj
TELEVISION
BEST DRAMA SERIES
“House of the Dragon”
BEST MUSICAL OR COMEDY SERIES
“Abbott Elementary”
BEST LIMITED SERIES, ANTHOLOGY SERIES OR TV MOVIE
“The White Lotus”
BEST ACTRESS, DRAMA
Zendaya, “Euphoria”
BEST ACTOR, DRAMA
Kevin Costner, “Yellowstone”
BEST ACTRESS, MUSICAL OR COMEDY
Quinta Brunson, “Abbott Elementary”
BEST ACTOR, MUSICAL OR COMEDY
Jeremy Allen White, “The Bear”
BEST SUPPORTING ACTRESS, MUSICAL, COMEDY or DRAMA
Julia Garner, “Ozark”
BEST SUPPORTING ACTOR, MUSICAL, COMEDY or DRAMA
Tyler James Williams, “Abbott Elementary”
BEST ACTRESS, LIMITED SERIES, ANTHOLOGY SERIES or TV MOVIE
Amanda Seyfried “The Dropout”
BEST ACTOR, LIMITED SERIES, ANTHOLOGY SERIES or TV MOVIE
Evan Peters, “Dahmer - Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story”
BEST SUPPORTING ACTRESS, LIMITED SERIES, ANTHOLOGY SERIES or TV MOVIE
Jennifer Coolidge, “The White Lotus”
BEST SUPPORTING ACTOR, LIMITED SERIES, ANTHOLOGY SERIES or TV MOVIE
Paul Walter Hauser, “Black Bird”