A Fire and Emergency NZ spokesman said crews from the St Kilda, Willowbank, and Dunedin stations were called to a Stafford St, Central Dunedin, property at 6.14am following a fire in a bedroom.
Crews headed out to a boarding house and on arrival found the fire had been extinguished.
Firefighters found one person suffering from smoke inhalation and attended to the patient until paramedics arrived.
A Hato Hone St John spokesman said one person in a moderate condition was transported to Dunedin Hospital.
A fire investigator was requested to determine the cause of the blaze.