The 19-year-old singer, in Brazil as part of his ongoing South American tour, was photographed early Tuesday (local time), along with members of his entourage, painting the wall outside an upscale hotel in Rio's São Conrado neighbourhood.
After complaints by local paparazzi that Bieber's bodyguards had accosted them, Rio police said they would look into the incident and determine whether Bieber had broken Brazilian laws against the destruction of property.
In a statement, Brazil's civil police force said they had already interviewed a Bieber representative and would continue gathering details about the incident.
Brazil's federal police, the force charged with immigration matters, denied local media reports that investigators had sought to prevent Bieber, bound Wednesday for a show in Asuncion, Paraguay, from leaving the country.
The incident follows a whirlwind of tabloid headlines during Bieber's Brazilian stay, including reports that he had attended a Rio nightclub that in the past has been shuttered for prostitution. Tabloids published photos they said were of the singer, wrapped in a bedsheet to conceal his identity, leaving the Centaurus club over the weekend.
Melissa Victor, a publicist for Bieber at Universal Music Group in New York, did not return a phone call for comment. Bieber is signed to Island Def Jam Music Group, one of the labels owned by Universal, which itself is a unit of French media and telecommunications company Vivendi SA.