SpaceX in its fifth Starship test flight has returned the rocket's towering first stage booster back to its launch pad for the first time using giant mechanical arms, achieving another novel engineering feat in the company's push to build a reusable moon and Mars vehicle.
The rocket's first stage "Super Heavy" booster lifted off at 7.25am on Sunday (local time) at SpaceX's launch facilities in Boca Chica, Texas, sending the Starship second stage rocket toward space before separating at an altitude of roughly 70km to begin its return to land - the most daring part of the test flight.
The Super Heavy booster re-lit three of its 33 Raptor engines to slow its speedy descent back to SpaceX's launch site, as it targeted the launch pad and tower it had blasted off from.
The 121-metre-high tower, taller than the Statue of Liberty (93 metres), is fitted with two large metal arms at the top.
With its engines roaring, the 71-metre-tall Super Heavy booster fell into the launch tower's enclosing arms, hooking itself in place by tiny, protruding bars under the four forward grid fins it had used to steer itself through the air.
"The tower has caught the rocket!!" chief executive Elon Musk wrote on X after the catch attempt. SpaceX engineers watching the company's live stream roared in applause.
The novel catch-landing method marked the latest advance in SpaceX's test-to-failure development campaign for a fully reusable rocket designed to loft more cargo into orbit, ferry humans to the moon for NASA and eventually reach Mars - the ultimate destination envisioned by Musk.
Meanwhile Starship, the rocket system's second stage or top half, cruised at roughly 188,000km/h some 143km up in space, heading for the Indian Ocean near western Australia to demonstrate about 90 minutes into flight a controlled splashdown.
As Starship re-entered Earth's atmosphere horizontally, onboard cameras showed a smooth, pinkish-purple hue of superhot plasma blanketing the ship's Earth-facing side and its two steering flaps, intense hypersonic friction displayed in a glowing aura.
The ship's hot side is coated with 18,000 heat-shielding tiles that were improved since SpaceX's last test in June, when Starship completed its first full test flight to the Indian Ocean but suffered tile damage that made its re-entry difficult.
Starship this time appeared more intact upon re-igniting one of its six Raptor engines to position itself upright for the simulated ocean landing.
The SpaceX live stream showed the rocket touching down in the night-time waters far off Australia's coast, then toppling on its side, concluding its test mission.
A separate camera view from a vessel near the touchdown site then showed the ship exploding into a vast fireball, as SpaceX engineers could be heard on the live stream screaming in celebration. It was unclear whether the explosion was a controlled detonation or the result of a fuel leak.
Musk said the ship landed "precisely on target!"
Starship, first unveiled by Musk in 2017, has exploded several times in various stages of testing on past flights, but successfully completed a full flight in June for the first time.
The Untied States Federal Aviation Administration on Saturday approved SpaceX's launch licence for the fifth test, following weeks of tension between the company and its regulator over the pace of launch approvals and fines related to SpaceX's workhorse rocket, the Falcon 9.
